¿­Ê±KB88

µ³Èº½¨Éè

THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ÄúÄ¿½ñµÄλÖ㺠Ê×Ò³ ? µ³Èº½¨Éè ? רÌâ¾Û½¹

׼ȷÕÆÎÕ¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±±³ºóµÄÉî²ãÂß¼­

2020-01-17 ÔĶÁ´ÎÊý£º2811 ÐÂÎÅ×÷ÕߣºÖÐÑë¼Íί¹ú¼Ò¼àίÐû´«²¿

¡°¼á¾öά»¤Ï°½üƽ×ÜÊé¼Çµ³ÖÐÑëµÄ½¹µã¡¢È«µ³µÄ½¹µãְ룬¼á¾öά»¤µ³ÖÐÑëȨÍþºÍ¼¯ÖÐͳһֱµ¼¡±£¬ÊÇÔöÇ¿µ³µÄÕþÖν¨ÉèµÄÖ÷ҪʹÃü¡£µ³µÄÊ®¾Å½ìËÄÖÐÈ«»áÇ¿µ÷ÒªÍêÉƼᶨά»¤µ³ÖÐÑëȨÍþºÍ¼¯ÖÐͳһֱµ¼µÄ¸÷ÏîÖƶÈ£¬²¢Ìá³öÃ÷È·ÒªÇó¡£×¼È·ÕÆÎÕ¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±±³ºóµÄÀíÂÛ¡¢ÀúÊ·¡¢ÏÖʵºÍÕþÖÎÂß¼­£¬¹ØÓÚÔöÇ¿¶Ô¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±µÄÀíÐÔÈÏͬ¡¢ÇéÐ÷ÈÏͬ£¬Ò»Ö±ÌáÉý¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±µÄ¶¨Á¦ºÍÄÜÁ¦£¬¾ßÓÐÖ÷ÒªÒâÒå¡£

×öµ½¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±£¬ÊǶÔÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåÕþµ³½¨µ³¼ÍÂɵÄÉî¿ÌÕÆÎÕ

¶ÔÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåÕþµ³À´Ëµ£¬Ê×ÄÔÎÊÌâÖÁ¹ØÖ÷Òª¡£»ØÊ×¹ú¼Ê¹²ÔËÊ·ºÍÌìÏÂÉç»áÖ÷ÒåÉú³¤µÄÀúÊ·£¬È·Á¢ºÍά»¤ÎÞ²ú½×¼¶Õþµ³µÄȨÍþºÍµ³µÄÊ×ÄÔµÄȨÍþ£¬Ê¼ÖÕÊÇÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷Ò彨µ³Ñ§ËµµÄÒ»¸ö»ù±¾¿´·¨¡£Âí¿Ë˼һ¾­ÐÎÏóµØÖ¸³ö£º¡°Ò»¸öµ¥¶ÀµÄÌáÇÙÊÖÊÇ×Ô¼ºÖ¸»Ó×Ô¼º£¬Ò»¸öÀÖ¶Ó¾ÍÐèÒªÒ»¸öÀÖ¶ÓÖ¸»Ó¡£¡±1873Ä꣬¶÷¸ñ˹½ÒÏþ¡¶ÂÛȨÍþ¡·Ò»ÎÄ£¬Ö¸³öûÓÐȨÍþ¾Í²»¿ÉÄÜÓÐÈκεÄÒ»ÖÂÐж¯£¬ÆäЧ¹ûÊDz»¿ÉÉèÏëµÄ¡£Ëû»¹Ö¸³ö£¬°ÍÀ蹫Éçʧ°ÜµÄÖ÷ÒªÔµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉÊÇÔÚ¸ïÃüʤÀûºóºöÊÓÐëÒªµÄ¼¯ÖУ¬Ê¼ÖÕûÓÐÐγÉÒ»¸öÓÐȨÍþµÄÏòµ¼½¹µã£¬²¢¸Ðà°£º¡°Æñ·ÇÎÒÃÇûÓÐÀíÓÉÇ´Ôð¹«Éç°ÑÕâ¸öȨÍþÓõÃÌ«ÉÙÁËÂ𠣿¡±¶÷¸ñ˹ÊÇÕâÑùÊìϤµÄ£¬Ò²ÊÇÕâÑù×öµÄ¡£ËûÔÚ¸ïÃüʵ¼ùÖУ¬Ê¼ÖÕ°Ñ×Ô¼º·ÅÔÚÂí¿Ë˼֮ºó£¬°ÑÂí¿Ë˼±È×÷¡°¾«²ÊµÄµÚһСÌáÇÙÊÖ¡±£¬²¢×ÔÇ«µØ˵£¬×Ô¼º¡°¾ÍÊÇÀ­µÚ¶þСÌáÇÙ¡±£¬ÒÔ´ËÀ´Í»³öÂí¿Ë˼ÔÚÎÞ²ú½×¼¶Õþµ³ÖеĽ¹µãְλºÍ×÷Óá£

ÁÐÄþÒ²¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓά»¤µ³µÄȨÍþºÍÊ×ÄÔȨÍþ¡£1900Ä꣬ËûÔÚ¡¶ÎÒÃÇÔ˶¯µÄÆÈÇÐʹÃü¡·ÖÐÖ¸³ö£º¡°ÔÚÀúÊ·ÉÏ£¬ÈκÎÒ»¸ö½×¼¶£¬ÈôÊDz»ÍÆÑ¡³ö×Ô¼ºµÄÉÆÓÚ×éÖ¯Ô˶¯ºÍÏòµ¼Ô˶¯µÄÕþÖÎÊ×ÄÔºÍÏȽø´ú±í£¬¾Í²»¿ÉÄÜÈ¡µÃͳÖÎְλ¡£¡±Ê®Ô¸ïÃüʤÀûºó£¬Ëû¶à´ÎÃ÷È·Ç¿µ÷£¬×÷ΪִÕþµ³µÄÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåÕþµ³¸üÒªÖØÊÓά»¤µ³µÄÏòµ¼½¹µã¡£1920Ä꣬ËûÔÚ¡¶¹²²úÖ÷ÒåÔ˶¯Öеġ°×óÅÉ¡±ÖÉ×Ó²¡¡·ÖУ¬×¨ÃÅÐðÊöÁËÊ×ÄÔ¡¢Õþµ³¡¢½×¼¶¡¢ÈºÖڵĹØϵ£¬Ö¸³ö£º¡°Õþµ³Í¨³£ÊÇÓÉ×îÓÐÍþÐÅ¡¢×îÓÐÓ°Ïì¡¢×îÓÐÂÄÀú¡¢±»Ñ¡³öµ£µ±×îÖ÷ÒªÖ°Îñ¶ø³ÆΪÊ×ÄÔµÄÈËÃÇËù×é³ÉµÄ½ÏÁ¿Îȹ̵ļ¯ÍÅÀ´Ö÷³ÖµÄ¡£ÕⶼÊÇ×îÉÙµÄ֪ʶ¡£¡±Ê®Ô¸ïÃüÀֳɵÄÒ»¸öÖ÷ÒªÔµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉ£¬¾ÍÊÇÓÉÓÚÓÐÒÔÁÐÄþΪÕþÖÎÊ×ÄԵIJ¼¶ûʲά¿Ëµ³µÄÍçÇ¿Ïòµ¼¡£

×öµ½¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±£¬ÊÇÎÒÃǵ³ÔÚºã¾Ãʵ¼ùÖÐÐγɵÄÃû¹óÂÄÀú

´ÓÎÒÃǵ³µÄÀúÊ·¿´£¬ÔÚʵ¼ùÖÐÐγÉÍçÇ¿µÄÖÐÑëÏòµ¼ÕûÌ岢ά»¤Õâ¸öÕûÌåµÄȨÍþ£¬¶ÔÎÒÃÇÕâÑùµÄ´óµ³¡¢´ó¹úÓÈΪÖ÷Òª¡£ÎÒÃǵ³ÔÚ½¨µ³Ö®³õ£¬ÓÉÓÚûÓÐÐγɳÉÊìµÄµ³ÖÐÑëºÍÍçÇ¿µÄÏòµ¼½¹µã£¬µ³µÄÊÂÒµÒ»¶ÈÂÅÔⲨÕÛ£¬ÉõÖÁÃæÁÙʧ°ÜµÄΣÏÕ¡£ÌØÊâÊÇÓÉÓÚµ³µÄµÚÈý´Î¡°×ó¡±Çãõ辶Éú³¤µ½¼«µã£¬µ¼ÖÂÖÐÑëËÕÇøµÚÎå´Î·´¡°Î§½Ë¡±¶·Õùʧ°Ü£¬Öй²ÖÐÑë»ú¹ØºÍÖÐÑëºì¾ü±»Æȳ¤Õ÷¡£1935Äê1Ô£¬×ñÒå¾Û»áʤÀûµØ¿¢ÊÂÁË¡°×ó¡±Çãõ辶ÔÚµ³ÖÐÑëµÄͳÖΣ¬È·Á¢ÁËëÔó¶«Í¬Ö¾ÔÚµ³ºÍºì¾üÖеÄÏòµ¼Ö°Î»£¬ÎÒÃǵ³×îÏÈÐγÉÍçÇ¿µÄÏòµ¼½¹µã£¬ÒÔºóÖйú¸ïÃü±ãÃæĿһС£»ØÊ×ÀúÊ·£¬ÕýÊÇÏà¼ÌÓÐÁËëÔ󶫡¢µËСһÂÉÊ×ÄÔÔÚµ³ÖÐÑëºÍÈ«µ³Ê©Õ¹½¹µã×÷Ó㬲Űü¹ÜÁËÖйú¸ïÃü¡¢½¨É衢ˢÐÂÊÂҵȡµÃ¾ÙÊÀÖõÄ¿µÄΰ´ó³É¼¨¡£

¹ØÓÚµ³µÄÏòµ¼½¹µãµÄÖ÷Òª×÷Óã¬Ã«Ôó¶«Í¬Ö¾ìºÆìÏÊÃ÷µØÖ¸³ö£¬¡°Ò»¸öÌÒ×ÓÆÊ¿ªÀ´Óм¸¸ö½¹µãÂ𠣿²»£¬Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸ö½¹µã¡±£¬¡°Òª½¨ÉèÏòµ¼½¹µã£¬×èµ²¡®Ò»¹úÈý¹«¡¯¡±¡£µËСƽͬ־ǿµ÷£º¡°ÈκÎÒ»¸öÏòµ¼ÕûÌ嶼ҪÓÐÒ»¸ö½¹µã£¬Ã»Óн¹µãµÄÏòµ¼ÊÇ¿¿²»×¡µÄ¡£¡±2017Äê2ÔÂ13ÈÕ£¬Ï°½üƽ×ÜÊé¼ÇÔÚÊ¡²¿¼¶Ö÷ÒªÏòµ¼¸É²¿Ñ§Ï°¹á³¹µ³µÄÊ®°Ë½ìÁùÖÐÈ«»á¾«ÉñרÌâ×êÑаàÉÏ£¬ÓïÖØÐij¤µØÉêâÁÈ«µ³£º¡°ÈôÊǵ³ÖÐÑëûÓÐȨÍþ£¬µ³µÄÀíÂÛºÍõ辶ĿµÄÕþ²ß¿ÉÒÔËæÒâ²»Ö´ÐУ¬¸÷È˸÷×ÔΪÕþ¡¢¸÷×Ô½øÐУ¬Ïë¸Éʲô¾Í¸Éʲô¡¢Ïë²»¸Éʲô¾Í²»¸Éʲô£¬µ³¾Í»áÄð³ÉÒ»ÅÌɢɳ£¬¾Í»á³ÉΪ×ÔÐÐÆäÊǵġ®Ë½È˾ãÀÖ²¿¡¯£¬µ³µÄÏòµ¼¾Í»á³ÉΪһ¾ä¿Õ»°¡£¡±µ³µÄÊ®°Ë´óÒÔÀ´£¬ÎÒÃǵ³ÕýÊÇÔÚ¿Æѧ×ܽáºã¾Ãʵ¼ùÖÐÐγɵÄÃû¹óÂÄÀú»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬ìºÆìÏÊÃ÷µØÌá³ö¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±£¬´Ó»ù´¡ÉϸıäÁ˵³µÄÏòµ¼±»Èõ»¯Ï÷ÈõµÄ״̬£¬Ïû³ýÁ˵³¡¢¹ú¼Ò¡¢¾ü¶ÓÄÚ²¿±£´æµÄÑÏÖØÕþÖÎÒþ»¼£¬»¯½âÁ˵³ÃæÁÙµÄÑÏÖØÕþÖÎΣº¦£¬Íƶ¯µ³ºÍ¹ú¼ÒÊÂҵȡµÃÈ«·½Î»¡¢¿ª´´ÐԵijɼ¨£¬±¬·¢ÉîÌõÀí¡¢¸ùÌìÐÔµÄÀå¸ï¡£

×öµ½¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±£¬ÊÇÈ«µ³Èý¾üÌìϸ÷×åÈËÃñµÄÅäºÏÒâÖ¾

Ä¿½ñ£¬ÎÒÃDZÈÀúÊ·ÉÏÈκÎʱÆÚ¶¼¸ü¿¿½ü¡¢¸üÓÐÐÅÐĺÍÄÜÁ¦ÊµÏÖÃñ×åÔÙÆðµÄÄ¿µÄ£¬µ«Õâһΰ´óÃÎÏ룬¾ø²»ÊÇÇáÇáËÉËÉ¡¢ÇÃÂà´ò¹Ä¾ÍÄÜʵÏֵġ£ÃæÁÙÌìÏ°ÙÄêδÓÐÖ®´ó±ä¾Ö£¬ÃæÁÙº£ÄÚÉç»áÖ÷Ҫì¶ÜµÄÉî¿Ìת±ä£¬ÃæÁÙµ³ÔÚºã¾ÃÖ´ÕþÌõ¼þϱ£´æµÄÍ·ÄÔ²»´¿¡¢ÕþÖβ»´¿¡¢×éÖ¯²»´¿¡¢×÷·ç²»´¿µÈÍ»³öÎÊÌ⣬ÎÒÃǵ³ÒªÒÔµ³µÄ½¨ÉèеÄΰ´ó¹¤³ÌͳÀ¿¡°Ëĸöΰ´ó¡±£¬±ÈÈκÎʱ¼ä¶¼¸üÐèÒªÒ»¸öÍçÇ¿µÄÏòµ¼½¹µã¡£µ³µÄÊ®°Ë½ìÁùÖÐÈ«»áÃ÷È·Ï°½üƽͬ־Ϊµ³ÖÐÑëµÄ½¹µã¡¢È«µ³µÄ½¹µã£¬Çкϵ³¡¢¹ú¼Ò¡¢¾ü¶Ó¡¢ÈËÃñµÄ»ù´¡ÀûÒ棬¶Ôµ³ºÍ¹ú¼ÒÊÂÒµÉú³¤¾ßÓÐÖØ´óÏÖʵÒâÒåºÍÉîÔ¶ÀúÊ·ÒâÒå¡£ÓµÓÐÏ°½üƽͬ־ÕâÑùһλȫµ³¹«ÈÏ¡¢ÈËÃñÁµÄ½µÄÊ×ÄÔ£¬ÊÇ°ü¹ÜÈ«µ³ÍŽáͳһ¡¢³ÌÐòÒ»Ö£¬Ïòµ¼Ììϸ÷×åÈËÃñÕùÈ¡ÐÂʱ´úÖйúÌØÉ«Éç»áÖ÷Òåΰ´óʤÀû¡¢ÊµÏÖÖлªÃñ×åΰ´óÔÙÆðÖйúÃεĻù´¡ÕþÖΰü¹Ü¡£

Ï°½üƽ×ÜÊé¼Ç³ÉΪµ³ÖÐÑëµÄ½¹µã¡¢È«µ³µÄ½¹µã£¬ÊÇÔÚΰ´ó¶·ÕùÖÐÐγɵÄ¡£µ³µÄÊ®°Ë´óÒÔÀ´£¬ÔÚ¾ÙÐоßÓÐÐí¶àеÄÀúÊ·ÌصãµÄΰ´ó¶·ÕùÖУ¬Ï°½üƽ×ÜÊé¼ÇÒÔÌØÊâµÄÀíÂÛÓÂÆø¡¢×¿Ô½µÄÕþÖÎÖǻۡ¢ÍçÇ¿µÄÒâ־ƷÖÊ¡¢ÉîÖ¿µÄÈËÃñÇ黳¡¢Ç¿ÁÒµÄÔðÈμÌÐø£¬Ó®µÃÈ«µ³Èý¾üÌìϸ÷×åÈËÃñÖÔÐÄÓµ»¤£¬Ó®µÃ¹ú¼ÊÉç»áÆÕ±éÔÞÓþ£¬³ä·ÖÕ¹ÏÖÁËÂí¿Ë˼Ö÷ÒåÕþÖμҡ¢Í·ÄÔ¼Ò¡¢Õ½ÂÔ¼ÒµÄÐ۲żòª¡¢Ê×ÄÔ·ç·¶¡¢È˸ñ÷ÈÁ¦¡£ÔÚ¡¶Ï°½üƽÔÚÕý¶¨¡·Õâ±¾²É·Ãʵ¼ÖУ¬ÓÐÊÜ·ÃÕßÇåÎúµØ¼ÇµÃ£¬30¶àÄêÇ°£¬Ï°½üƽͬ־ÏòËû̸Æð·ÅÆú±±¾©´ó»ú¹ØµÄÊÂÇ飬µ½Ï²ãµÄÔµ¹ÊÔ­ÓÉʱ˵£º¡°Ö»Ïë׏ýÌñ¾²µÄÉúÑÄ£¬ÊÇƽӹµÄ×·Çó¡£ÎÒÊÇ×¼±¸Èë¡®¿àº£¡¯µÄ¡£¡±¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬Ï°½üƽͬ־´ÓÕþµÄ³õÐľÍÊÇÒª¸Ä±äÖйúƶÇîÂäÎéµÄÃæÄ¿£¬¸ÄÉÆÀÏÀèÃñµÄÉúÑÄ£¬ÕâÕýÊÇÎÒÃǵ³³õÐÄʹÃüµÄÉú¶¯Ú¹ÊÍ¡£´ÓÎôÈյġ°¸ÊÈë¿àº£¡±µ½½ñÈյġ°ÎÒ½«ÎÞÎÒ¡¢²»¸ºÈËÃñ¡±£¬Ï°½üƽͬ־Ϊȫµ³Ê÷Á¢ÁËѤÀÃÄ£·¶£¬ÈÃÎÒÃÇÔ½·¢¸ÐÎòµ½Ëûºã¾Ã¹±Ïס¢Ò»Á¬¹±Ïס¢ÎÞ˽¹±Ï×µÄÊ×ÄÔ·ç·¶¡£Êµ¼ùÒѾ­³ä·Ö֤ʵ£¬Ï°½üƽͬ־³ÉΪµ³ÖÐÑëµÄ½¹µã¡¢È«µ³µÄ½¹µã£¬Êǵ³ÐÄËùÏò¡¢ÃñÐÄËùÏò£¬È«µ³¹²Ê¶¡¢ÖÚÍûËù¹é¡£

×öµ½¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±£¬ÊÇÎÒÃǵ³×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÕþÖμÍÂɺÍÕþÖιæÔò

Ä¿½ñ£¬ÎÒÃǵ³ÒѾ­°Ñ¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±ÉÏÉýΪÖƶȻ®¶¨¡£2016Ä꣬µ³µÄÊ®°Ë½ìÁùÖÐÈ«»áͨ¹ýµÄ¡¶¹ØÓÚÐÂÐÎÊÆϵ³ÄÚÕþÖÎÉúÑĵÄÈô¸É×¼Ôò¡·Ö¸³ö£¬¡°Ò»¸ö¹ú¼Ò¡¢Ò»¸öÕþµ³£¬Ïòµ¼½¹µãÖÁ¹ØÖ÷Òª¡±£¬¡°¼á³Öµ³µÄÏòµ¼£¬Ê×ÏÈÊǼá³Öµ³ÖÐÑëµÄ¼¯ÖÐͳһֱµ¼¡±£¬¡°±ØÐè¼á¾öά»¤µ³ÖÐÑëȨÍþ¡±¡£2017Ä꣬µ³µÄÊ®¾Å´óÐÂÐ޸ĵĵ³ÕÂÃ÷È·»®¶¨£¬¡°¼á¶¨Î¬»¤ÒÔÏ°½üƽͬ־Ϊ½¹µãµÄµ³ÖÐÑëȨÍþºÍ¼¯ÖÐͳһֱµ¼¡£¡±2018ÄêÐÞ¶©µÄÖйú¹²²úµ³¼ÍÂÉ´¦·ÖÌõÀý£¬ÔÚ×ÜÔò²¿·ÖìºÆìÏÊÃ÷µØдµÀ£¬¡°¼á¾öά»¤Ï°½üƽ×ÜÊé¼Çµ³ÖÐÑëµÄ½¹µã¡¢È«µ³µÄ½¹µãְ룬¼á¾öά»¤µ³ÖÐÑëȨÍþºÍ¼¯ÖÐͳһֱµ¼¡±£¬ÕâÊÇÔÚµ³¹æÖеÚÒ»´ÎÍêÕûµØ±íÊö¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±¡£2019ÄêÓ¡·¢µÄÖй²ÖÐÑë¹ØÓÚÔöÇ¿µ³µÄÕþÖν¨ÉèµÄÒâ¼ûÖ¸³ö£¬¡°¼á³ÖºÍÔöÇ¿µ³µÄÖÜÈ«Ïòµ¼£¬×îÖ÷ÒªµÄÊÇ×öµ½¡®Á½¸öά»¤¡¯£¬×îÒªº¦µÄÊǼá¾öά»¤Ï°½üƽ×ÜÊé¼Çµ³ÖÐÑëµÄ½¹µã¡¢È«µ³µÄ½¹µãְλ¡±£¬½øÒ»²½Ã÷È·ÁË¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±×ÔÉíµÄÄÚÔÚ¹Øϵ¡£

µ³Õµ³¹æÖеÄÕâЩ±íÊö³ä·ÖÅú×¢£¬ÎÒÃǵ³¶Ô¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±µÄÊìϤԽÀ´Ô½Éî¿Ì¡¢ÄÚÔÚÔ½À´Ô½ÇåÎú¡£ÒÔµ³Õº͵³ÄÚ»ù´¡ÐÔ¹æÔòµÄÐÎʽ°Ñ¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±¹Ì»¯ÏÂÀ´£¬²»µ«ÊǶԵ³Ô±Í·ÄÔÊìϤÉϵÄÇ¿»¯£¬¸üÊÇÔÚÕþÖÎÉÏ¡¢¼ÍÂÉÉϵÄÃ÷È·ÒªÇó¡ £¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬¡°Á½¸öά»¤¡±ÒѾ­³ÉΪÖØ´óÕþÖÎÔ­Ôò£¬ÊÇÎÒÃǵ³×î»ù´¡µÄÕþÖμÍÂɺÍÕþÖιæÔò£¬Êǵ³µÄÕþÖν¨ÉèµÄ¡°¸ù¡±ºÍ¡°»ê¡±£»Óµ»¤½¹µã¡¢×·Ëæ½¹µã¡¢º´ÎÀ½¹µã£¬¾ÍÊÇÌý´ÓÕóÊÆ¡¢Î¬»¤ÕóÊÆ£¬¾ÍÊÇÈ«µ³×î´óµÄÕþÖΡ£

¡¾ÍøÕ¾µØͼ¡¿¡¾sitemap¡¿